每日英语 · 2026-10-30
This above all: to thine own self be true, / And it must follow, as the night the day, / Thou canst not then be false to any man.
William Shakespeare · Hamlet · c.1600 · 第一幕第三场,Polonius 送儿子 Laertes 远行前的叮嘱
译文
最要紧的是:对你自己忠实;这样才会像黑夜跟随白昼一样,你也就不会对任何人虚伪。
语法
- 主干拆解:第一行 "This above all" 是省略句,补全是 "This (is) above all"(这一条比什么都重要),冒号后面才是"这一条"的内容。"to thine own self be true" 是祈使句,正常语序是 "Be true to thine own self",莎士比亚把介词短语 to thine own self 提到前面,既强调"对自己",又照顾诗行节奏(倒装/前置强调)。
- as 引导的比较状语从句 + 省略:"as the night the day" 补全是 "as the night (follows) the day",动词 follows 因为前面已出现 follow 而省略。整句意思是:结果必然随之而来,就像黑夜必然跟着白昼一样。英语里同样的动词在并列/比较结构中经常省略,避免重复。
- "it must follow (that) ..." 是固定说法"必然得出……的结论",it 是形式主语,真正的内容是后面的 "Thou canst not then be false to any man",这里 that 被省略了。现代英语常写成 "It follows that ..."。
词汇
-
above all /əˈbʌv ɔːl/ phrase
最重要的是,尤其
搭配:above all else;but above all
Above all, keep your code readable.
-
thine / thou / canst /ðaɪn/ /ðaʊ/ /kænst/ 古英语代词 / 情态动词
thine = your(用在元音开头的词前),thou = you(主格),canst = can(搭配 thou)
搭配:thine own self;thou art;thou canst
Thou art my friend. (= You are my friend.)
-
be true to /truː/ phrase
忠于,对……忠实
搭配:be true to yourself;be true to your word;stay true to
She stayed true to her values.
-
follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ v.
随之而来;必然得出(结论)
搭配:it follows that ...;as follows;follow from
If the test passes, it follows that the bug is fixed.
-
false /fɔːls/ adj.
(对人)不忠的,虚伪的;也指错误的
搭配:be false to sb;false alarm;false positive
The sensor triggered a false alarm.
笔记
小练习:试着把 "to thine own self be true" 改写成现代英语(答案:Be true to yourself.),再用 "It follows that ..." 造一个和调试代码有关的句子。